After a significant period with out much work on Shonkasika (too much going with my job and other life), I have added an additional adjective class to the language. It is a basically a catch-all for adjectives that don't inflect for all six genders present in the conlang:
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I made some changes to Shonkasika. I changed the case endings for the vocative case for animate nouns, and then the nominative, vocative, and accusative cases for inanimate nouns. I also added a dual number to all nouns. First we have an animate example (common gender), and then an inanimate example (neuter gender). I split the personal endings to four sets based on whether the tense is past vs. non-past and whether the voice is active vs. mediopassive. Finally, I created an aorist suffix to form two new verb tenses: the aorist and the past habitual.
I'm thinking I may add another way to pluralize some irregular nouns. I think I few nouns in -îk will form their plurals in -urîk. I haven't decided yet if there will be a particular type of -îk nouns will be more prone to this type of plural ending.
I will add one word to this category for now: raikîk (formally raikuk), "wine". Whoa! So long without a blog update! I've been busy with work, but I will have more time to do some updates. Here is what's changed recently:
/xw/ <qh> /t͡s/ <c> /t͡ʃ/ <ch> /h/ <h>, <gh> (after <c t d s z k q>) /ks/ <x> /ɲ/ <ny> I am changing some personal pronouns, mainly the third person forms. Previously the singular forms had the same forms as the definite suffixes for nouns. I want them to be distinct.
Here are the new third person pronouns listed by gender in the nominative case, with the singular on the left and the plural on the right. common: is, ji masculine: yos, joi feminine: yas, jai neuter: he, her* celestial: ho, hoi feminine: ha, hai *In some of the other cases (cases whose suffix is a single consonant), the plural form of he optionally uses the stem hi- . I also changed the first person exclusive plural to zä, and the "fourth person" pronoun to thus. In Shonkasika, the fourth person pronoun can be translated as "one, they, people, you" in a generic sense. *I'm in the process of updating my noun and adjective declensions. Basically, I'm changing how the plurals and definite form. I'm hiding my noun and adjective pages for the time being while working on updates.
Basically, nouns will take different suffixes for definiteness and number according to their gender. These will the new definite singular, indefinite plural, and definite plural endings respectively: common: -le, -be, -the masculine: -lo, -be, -tho feminine: -la, -be, -tha neuter: -ne, *-ér, -erde celestial: -no, *-ór, -ordo terrestrial: -na, *-ár, -arda *The neuter/celestial/terrestrial indefinite plural suffixes replace final -e/-o/-a and attracts stress to itself. It is not a typo that common/masculine/feminine nouns all have the same plural suffix. The inanimate genders more or less do as well, -(e)r. For illustration, here are some nouns from each gender, in the indefinite singular, definite singular, indefinite plural and definite plural of the nominate case: deer: jedhes, jedheles, jedhebe, jedhethe man: deros, derolos, derobe, derotho woman: lopnas, lopnalas, lopnabe, lopnatha finger: dore, dorene, dorér, dorerde apple: belo, belono, belór, belordo potato: rida, ridana, ridár, ridarda I made a phonological change to Shonkasika, differentiating series of identical vowels. This was always true for /i/ and /u/, but I added this for the other vowels. The result is sometimes a diphthong:
/ii/ > /je/ /uu/ > /wo/ /ee/ > /ej/ /oo/ > /ow/ /aa/ > /æa/ /ææ/ > /æa/ /øø/ > /øe/ /yy/ > /yo/ This changes two existing words: *saamo > säamo noodle *hinoo > hinóu respect I added a vocative particle, tsau, used with the nominative case: Deros tsau! O man! I also added a particle (determiner, something else?), prau, used for exclamations (also used with the nominative case): Deros prau! What a man! Whoa, I can't believe it's been so long since I've posted. I guess work gets in the way.
I added a synthetic aspect to verbs, the prospective aspect. It is formed by suffixing -vi to the simple stem, which is related to the verb ovinu - to come: ruvat I love ruvaipet I have loved ruvavit I am about to love; I am going to love As of now, there is only one irregular prospective stem, that of banu to be, bovi- (instead of the expected bavi-) I simplified the nominative plural of nouns, which now have no case ending and the old nominative plural case ending is now the accusative plural case ending: rida, ridao, ridaoth potato, potatoes (nom.), potatoes (acc.) I've changed Shonkasika's past tense endings, changing the past indicative ending to -an, the past subjunctive to -ais, and the past optative to -on.
glainde, glaindan we see, we saw That's all for grammar for now. I added a couple of words to the lexicon: skime adj. false, fake faiwo cel. letter (message) Skimen tisasten shevi vanduzne. False friends walk (around) here. I decided to make a new inflection for adjectives: equative. I borrowed this idea from the awesome conlang High Valyrian. To form the equative, one simply adds -dre to the adjective stem:
lusi sweet lusidre as sweet For good measure, here are a few new vocabulary terms: ginoa t. sausage fashuta t. beet kacava t. squash podis c. offspring, kid finu v. to put, to place bodro c. orange (fruit) Bodrono lusidro duni belono bas. bodro-no lusi-dre-o duni belo-no ba-s orange-DEF sweet-EQU-CEL as apple-DEF be-3SG The orange is as sweet as the apple. |
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